The deployment of small cell base stations has been challenged by a number of constraints, of which the cost of backhaul is among the most important. Without cost effective backhaul, it is too expensive to deploy small cells to address the growing demand for mobile data traffic which is being fueled by advances in mobile computing devices. In fact, the entire heterogeneous network architecture concept of multi-technology large and small cells working in unison to meet the throughput and performance metrics demanded by mobile subscribers will not be realized if the backhaul puzzle is not solved.
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